Evaluation of Different Products to Control of Bacterial Spot on Tomato Seedlings
[/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″][vc_single_image image=”1665″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center”][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″][vc_column_text]IntroductionBacterial spot (BLS) on tomato is caused by various Xanthomonas species (X. vesicatoria, X. euvesicatoria, X. perforans and X. gardneri (Jones et al. 2004; Stall et al. 2009). The pathogen enters healthy plants through stomata or wounds and maximum infection occurs under very moist conditions in warm weather (68 to 95oF), especially when night temperatures are warm (75 to 82oF). The bacteria are seed-borne. Growers may experience considerable losses, especially when the diseases affect young, developing fruit. The bacteria cause spotting, blemishing, and distortion and thereby seriously reduce marketability of the fruit. Fruit lesions are superficial and rarely develop into extensive soft rot. Bacterial spot leaf symptoms begin as small circular to irregular greasy spots most visible on the underside of the leaflets. As these water-soaked regions enlarge, colors change from dark green to purplish-gray, accompanied by a distinctive black center. Affected tissue becomes thin and may crack. The infected regions may be surrounded by a white to yellowish halo. In wet weather, infected leaves appear scorched. Large lesions result in defoliation. The objective of the study was to evaluate several biological products efficacy on bacterial spot Xanthomonas perforans on tomato seedlings in the transplant house.
Materials and Methods
The greenhouse experiments were conducted in June 2011 at the University of Florida’s Southwest Florida Research and Education Center in Immokalee. Treatments were applied to a 2-week old ‘FL 47’ tomato transplants (Table 1). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Each treatment was applied to plants in a 200 cell Styrofoam transplant tray. Treatments were applied seven days before inoculation with bacterial spot starting on 24 June, 2011 for all treatments. Two infected tomato seedlings per tray or treatment were introduced on 30 June, 2011 as shown in Figure 1. Post-inoculation treatments with similar products were applied for 21 days (Table 1) and the experiment terminated and evaluated on 15 July, 2011 when visual symptoms of BLS were apparent in control inoculation treatment. The data collection consisted in number of plants with BLS symptoms per tray or treatment. The data was expressed as percent disease incidence defined as number of infected BLS seedlings as a percent of the total plants per tray or treatment. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5%. Bacterial spot percentage was transformed by Arcsin distribution before the ANOVA, Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (SAS, 2008).
Results
In general results indicated that the highest percent incidence of BLS was in the plants that were not treated (none) as compared to any BLS treatments (Table 2 and Figure 2). The lowest percent incidence of BLS was observed in Kocide 3000 and Manzate Pro-Stick (grower standard treatment), Syngenta seed treatment plus Kocide and Manzate, Syngenta seed treatment Antibacterial + iQ plus Kocide and Manzate, and Cop-R Quick and Manzate Pro-stick. The effectiveness of the others treatment against BLS were higher than ‘none’, but lower than Kocide 3000/Manzate Pro-Stick. Plant growth was affected by several treatments. Plant biomass was highest in Root Feed II + Keylate Cobalt + Sugar Mover + Rezist and STO-01 + Sugar Mover (Drench) and the lowest in seed treated plants Product XXX (Drench/light foliar/T7) (Table 3 and Figure 3).[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_single_image image=”1669″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]Table 1. Products, rate and application frequency used to control bacterial spot on tomato seedling ‘FL 47’.[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]
|
Treatment |
Products |
Rate |
Application Frequency |
|
T1 |
Non–treated (control) | None | None |
| T2 | Kocide 3000 + Manzate Pro-Stick (Grower) | 2 lb and 2 lb/100 gal water | Once/week |
| T3 | Syngenta seed treatment Antibacterial only | None | None |
| T4 | Syngenta seed treatment plus Kocide and Manzate | 2 lb and 2 lb/100 gal water | Once/week |
|
T5 |
Syngenta seed treatment Antibacterial + iQ (improved quality growth regulator) plus Kocide and Manzate |
2 lb and 2 lb/100 gal water |
Once/week |
| T6 | Product XXX (Drench) | 15 ml /5 gal water | At seeding, 7 & 23 DAS |
| T7 | Product XXX (Drench/light foliar) | 30 ml /5 gal water | At seeding, 7 & 23 DAS |
| T8 | Quintec | 6 fl. oz/100 gal water | Once/week |
| T9 | NASII | 16 fl. oz/100 gal water | Twice/week |
| T10 | Cu-Quick + Manzate | 4 fl. oz/100 gal water and 2 lb/100 gal water | Twice/week |
|
T11 |
Root Feed II + Keylate Cobalt + Sugar Mover + Rezist | 0.50,0.1, 0.05 and 0.05 % | Once/week |
| STO-01 + Sugar Mover (Drench) | 0.1 and 0.05 % | Once/week |
DAS = days after planting[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Table 2. Effects of different products in bacterial spot incidence on tomato seedlings ‘FL 47’.[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]
| Treatment | Bacterial spot Incidence (%)Z | SEMX |
| T1 | 90.1ay | 1.8 |
| Kocide & Manzate T2 |
17.2e | 2.5 |
| T3 | 51.2d | 2.8 |
| T4 | 27.4e | 3.6 |
| T5 | 29.1e | 4.0 |
| T6 | 64.3c | 7.6 |
| T7 | 42.0d | 4.0 |
| T9 | 84.3ab | 2.2 |
| (Cop-R-Quik Manzate) T10 |
15.0e | 2.2 |
| T11 | 79.6b | 2.7 |
| P value | 0.0001 | – |
| Sig | ** | – |
y Within columns, means followed by different letters are significantly different according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5%.
**Significance at P ≤ 0.01. *Significance at P ≤ 0.05. ns Non-significance.
x Standard Error mean. T8 plants died early and were not included in the evaluation.[/vc_message][vc_single_image image=”1670″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]Table 3. Effects of different products on seedling tomato biomass ‘Fl 47’ under bacterial spot[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]
| Treatments | Biomass (g) | SEMY |
| T1 | 0.08bcz | 0.01 |
| T2 | 0.09b | 0.00 |
| T3 | 0.06cde | 0.00 |
| T4 | 0.08bcd | 0.01 |
| T5 | 0.05e | 0.00 |
| T6 | 0.06de | 0.00 |
| T7 | 0.04f | 0.00 |
| T9 | 0.08b | 0.00 |
| T10 | 0.09b | 0.00 |
| T11 | 0.13a | 0.01 |
| P value | 0.0001 | – |
| Sig | ** | – |
**Significance at P ≤ 0.01. *Significance at P ≤ 0.05. ns Non-significance. Y Standard Error mean.[/vc_message][vc_single_image image=”1671″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center”][/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”8 oz” tab_id=”8oz”][vc_column_text]
Evaluation of Different Products to Control of Bacterial Spot on Tomato Seedlings
[/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″][vc_single_image image=”1637″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center”][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″][vc_column_text]IntroductionBacterial spot (BLS) on tomato is caused by various Xanthomonas species (X. vesicatoria, X. euvesicatoria, X. perforans and X. gardneri (Jones et al. 2004; Stall et al. 2009). The pathogen enters healthy plants through stomata or wounds and maximum infection occurs under very moist conditions in warm weather (68 to 95oF), especially when night temperatures are warm (75 to 82oF). The bacteria are seed-borne. Growers may experience considerable losses, especially when the diseases affect young, developing fruit. The bacteria cause spotting, blemishing, and distortion and thereby seriously reduce marketability of the fruit. Fruit lesions are superficial and rarely develop into extensive soft rot. Bacterial spot leaf symptoms begin as small circular to irregular greasy spots most visible on the underside of the leaflets. As these water-soaked regions enlarge, colors change from dark green to purplish-gray, accompanied by a distinctive black center. Affected tissue becomes thin and may crack. The infected regions may be surrounded by a white to yellowish halo. In wet weather, infected leaves appear scorched.
Large lesions result in defoliation. The objective of the study was to evaluate several biological products efficacy on bacterial spot Xanthomonas perforans on tomato seedlings in the transplant house.
Materials and Methods
The greenhouse experiments were conducted at the University of Florida’s Southwest Florida Research and Education Center in Immokalee. Treatments were applied to a 2-week old ‘Solar Fire’ tomato transplants (Table 1). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Each treatment was applied to plants in a 200 cell Styrofoam transplant tray. Treatments were applied seven days before inoculation with bacterial spot starting on 6 May. 2011 for all treatments. Four infected tomato seedlings per tray or treatment were introduced on 12 May. 2011 as shown in Figure 1. Post-inoculation treatments with similar products were applied for 20 days (Table 1) and the experiment terminated and evaluated on 26 May. 2011 when visual symptoms of BLS were apparent in control inoculation treatment. The data collection consisted of the number of plants with BLS symptoms per tray or treatment. The data were expressed as percent disease incidence defined as a number of infected BLS seedlings as a percent of the total plants per tray or treatment. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5%. Bacterial spot percentage was transformed by Arcsin distribution before the ANOVA, Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (SAS, 2008).
Results
In general, results indicated that the highest percent incidence of BLS was in the plants that were not treated (none) as compared to any BLS treatments (Table 2 and Figure 2). The lowest percent incidence of BLS was observed in Cop-R Quick and Manzate Pro-stick, Kocide 3000 and Manzate Pro-Stick (grower standard treatment), Copper Phosphite, Kocide 3000 + Manzate Pro-Stick, and Bioforge (4 oz), Kocide 3000 + Manzate Pro-Stick. The effectiveness of the others treatment against BLS was higher than ‘none’, but lower previous treatments.[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_single_image image=”1641″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]Table 1. Products, rate and application frequency to control bacterial spot on tomato seedling ‘Solar Fire’.[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]
| Treatment | Products | Rate | Application Frequency |
| T1 | Non–treated (control) | None | None |
| T2 | Kocide 3000 + Manzate Pro-Stick (Grower) | 2 lb and 2 lb per 100 gal water | Once/week |
| T3 | Cueva USDA Organic | 2 qt/100 gal water | Twice/week |
| T4 | Cop-R-Quik andManzate Pro-Stick | 8 fl. oz/100 gal water and 2 lb/100 gal water | Twice/week |
| T5 | Cop-R-Quik, phylo (Compatibility Agent) and Griffin Green | 8 fl. oz, 4 fl. oz and 32 fl. oz/100 gal water | Twice/week |
| T6 | Copper Phosphite, Kocide 3000 + Manzate Pro-Stick | 0.2 lb, 2 lb and 2 lb/100 gal water | Twice/week |
| T7 | Actinovate and Kocide 3000 | 6 oz/100 gal water and 1.25 lb/100 gal water | Once/week |
| T8 | Emino 50 | 1:400 dilution | Once/week |
| T9 | Bioforge, Kocide 3000 + Manzate Pro-Stick | 4 fl. oz/100 gal water, 2 lb and 2 lb/100 gal water | Once/week |
| T10 | Bioforge, Kocide 3000 + Manzate Pro-Stick | 8 fl. oz/100 gal water, 2 lb and 2 lb/100 gal water | Once/week |
| Treatment | Bacterial spot Incidence (%)Z | SEMX |
| T1 | 91.5a | 1.6 |
| T2 | 35.0fg | 3.3 |
| T3 | 51.5d | 3.7 |
| T4 | 30.8g | 2.5 |
| T5 | 75.2b | 2.2 |
| T6 | 37.5fg | 2.9 |
| T7 | 48.3de | 2.7 |
| T8 | 61.6c | 5.2 |
| T9 | 39.6efg | 1.5 |
| T10 | 43.7def | 0.9 |
| P value | 0.0001 | – |
| Sig | ** | – |
y Within columns, means followed by different letters are significantly different according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5%.
**Significance at P ≤ 0.01. *Significance at P ≤ 0.05. ns Non-significance. x Standard Error mean.[/vc_message][vc_single_image image=”1674″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center”][/vc_tta_section][/vc_tta_tabs][/vc_column][/vc_row]